Functions

Subject areas

Grammar

Lexis

Giving advice and highlighting

Education

Second conditional

Vocabulary specific to the topic area

Making suggestions

National customs

Simple passive

Vocabulary specific to the subject areas

Describing past habits

Village and city life

Used to

Expressions of agreement and disagreement

Expressing possibility and uncertainty

National and local produce and products

Relative clauses

Appropriate words and expressions to indicate interest and show awareness of the speaker - e.g. Really? Oh Dear! Did you?

Eliciting further information and expansion of ideas and opinions

Early memories

Modals and phrases used to give advice and make suggestions - e.g. should/ought to, could, you'd better

Simple fillers to give time for thought - e.g. Well...Um...

Expressing agreement and disagreement

Pollution and recycling

Modals and phrases used to express possibility and uncertainty - may, might, I'm not sure

Discourse connectors -because of, due to

Functions

Subject areas

Grammar

Lexis

Expressing feelings and emotions

Society and living standards

Third conditional

Vocabulary specific to the topic area

Expressing impossibility

Personal values and ideals

Present perfect continuous tense

Vocabulary specific to the subject areas

Reporting the conversation of others

The world of work

Past perfect tense

Speculating

The supernatural

Reported speech

Reporting verbs - e.g. say, tell, ask, report, advise, promise

Persuading and discouraging

National environmental concerns

Linking expressions - e.g. even though, in spite of, unless, although

Appropriate words and expressions to encourage further participation - e.g. And then? And what about you?

Public figures

Cohesive devices - e.g. so to continue, in other words, for example

Functions

Subject areas

Grammar

Lexis

Expressing abstract ideas

Dreams and nightmares

Verbs followed by gerund and/or infinitive - e.g. forget, stop, go on, remember

Vocabulary specific to the topic area

Expressing regrets, wishes and hopes

Crime and punishment

More complex forms of the passive with modals

Vocabulary specific to the subject areas

Expressing assumptions

Technology

Should/must/might/could + present perfect tense

Cohesive devices to recap and recover - e.g. As I was saying, Anyway

Paraphrasing

Habits and obsessions

Correct verb patterns after wish and hope

Hesitation fillers - e.g. I mean, you know

Evaluating options

Global environmental issues

Stock phrases to gain time for thought and keep the turn - e.g. Well, let me think

Hypothesising

Design

Evaluating past actions or course of events