7

Functions	Subject areas	Grammar	Lexis
Giving advice and highlighting	Education	Second conditional	Vocabulary specific to the topic area
Making suggestions	National customs	Simple passive	Vocabulary specific to the subject areas
Describing past habits	Village and city life	Used to	Expressions of agreement and disagreement
Expressing possibility and uncertainty	National and local produce and products	Relative clauses	Appropriate words and expressions to indicate interest and show awareness of the speaker - e.g. Really? Oh Dear! Did you?
Eliciting further information and expansion of ideas and opinions	Early memories	Modals and phrases used to give advice and make suggestions - e.g. should/ought to, could, you'd better	Simple fillers to give time for thought - e.g. Well...Um...
Expressing agreement and disagreement	Pollution and recycling	Modals and phrases used to express possibility and uncertainty - may, might, I'm not sure
		Discourse connectors -because of, due to

8

Functions	Subject areas	Grammar	Lexis
Expressing feelings and emotions	Society and living standards	Third conditional	Vocabulary specific to the topic area
Expressing impossibility	Personal values and ideals	Present perfect continuous tense	Vocabulary specific to the subject areas
Reporting the conversation of others	The world of work	Past perfect tense
Speculating	The supernatural	Reported speech	Reporting verbs - e.g. say, tell, ask, report, advise, promise
Persuading and discouraging	National environmental concerns	Linking expressions - e.g. even though, in spite of, unless, although	Appropriate words and expressions to encourage further participation - e.g. And then? And what about you?
	Public figures	Cohesive devices - e.g. so to continue, in other words, for example

Functions	Subject areas	Grammar	Lexis
Expressing abstract ideas	Dreams and nightmares	Verbs followed by gerund and/or infinitive - e.g. forget, stop, go on, remember	Vocabulary specific to the topic area
Expressing regrets, wishes and hopes	Crime and punishment	More complex forms of the passive with modals	Vocabulary specific to the subject areas
Expressing assumptions	Technology	Should/must/might/could + present perfect tense	Cohesive devices to recap and recover - e.g. As I was saying, Anyway
Paraphrasing	Habits and obsessions	Correct verb patterns after wish and hope	Hesitation fillers - e.g. I mean, you know
Evaluating options	Global environmental issues		Stock phrases to gain time for thought and keep the turn - e.g. Well, let me think
	Hypothesising	Design
	Evaluating past actions or course of events